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It is actually a voyage to discovery, aau masters thesis. We all possess the instinct of inquisitiveness when the unknown confronts us. Our inquisitiveness makes us probe and attain full understanding of the unknown. Therefore research is one of the means people set out to understand their environment.
It is a human activity based on intellectual application in the investigation of a given situation or phenomenon, aau masters thesis. Research is also a scientific process of collecting and analyzing information to enhance our understanding of a given phenomenon or a problem.
It, therefore, includes the task or functions of the researcher of understanding a phenomenon and also to communicate it to others. In doing so, research must be systematic and follow series of steps. Scientific research is a systematic attempt to obtain answers to meaningful questions about phenomena or events through scientific procedures.
Such research undertakings are considered impartial, objective, aau masters thesis, empirical and logical analysis of problems which need to be investigated. It must also be noted that aau masters thesis research work requires some sort of interpretation. The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the applications of scientific procedures.
Research Proposal In any research undertaking, the initial task for a researcher is to identify a subject or research topic. The main criteria for selecting a research topic include:.
Hence, a research proposal indicates a specific course of action that will be consciously followed. It helps to have full focus on the various activities to be undertaken in systematic and logical ways. It also helps one to present their research actions in a scholarly and orderly ways. A clear and well-thought-out research proposal is considered the backbone of the research.
A research proposal has got the following functions:. In addition, a well-thought out research proposal can be judged on the following important points:. Title 2. Introduction 4, aau masters thesis. Background 5. Statement of the problem 6. Conceptual framework brief of the major concepts and theories to be used in the research 7.
Research objectives: Main objective, specific objectives 8, aau masters thesis. Significance Scope: thematic, aau masters thesis, spatial, temporal Description of the study area Research Methods and procedures Research design Research paradigm Epistemological and ontological aspects ; Approach deductive, inductive; exploratory, explanatory; qualitative, quantitative, mixedresearch type descriptive, analytical, evaluative, design, etc.
Limitations Ethical considerations Organization of aau masters thesis thesis. Work plan Budget References Appendices questionnaire, aau masters thesis, schedule of interview, discussion questions for FGD etc. It should be clear and precise and not very long. It should clearly state the topic exactly in the smallest number of words.
Note that there could be various formats but a common norm is important for each Center or department. For example, in the Ethiopian Civil Service University, the following may serve more dominantly across the institutes and departments:. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. NOTE: Title is a label; it is not a sentence.
Page number is no given and it is not also counted in any page numbering. your argument one or two sentences that tells the aau masters thesis what the researcher wants to accomplish and why the research is important. Moreover, the researcher needs to show what areas or aspects are to be dealt with and the questions to be. In the abstract, research methodology to be applied has to be briefly hinted. One important point to know about abstract is that the precise and final version comes at the end.
It is a brief description of what the research proposal is about. It is here where you write what motivated you to research in the area of your topic and what your intention is.
It should aau masters thesis self-explanatory that you really know what you are going to do and achieve at the end of the day, aau masters thesis. The introduction should also indicate the purpose or rationale of your research why the research is needed at this point in time and what triggers it.
Introduction should not be confused with the background of the study. You briefly mention the real world context as well as the theoretical background in terms of current debates pertaining to your research area and what and how your aau masters thesis contributes to your debate. If you have not come across any research work on the subject, explain how much this research can fill the existing gap and how can this be achieved.
On the other hand, if there is already research output on the subject, you explain how this builds on the frontiers of knowledge and an additional perspective that the current work injects into it. By so doing you motivate your readers to read the rest of the proposal. This hints about why your research problem is a key to your thesis or dissertation, aau masters thesis.
Your problem statement is the DNA of your research. A statement of the problem presupposes the question s that the researcher is planning and determined to answer. Nevertheless a problem statement is neither the list of all the problems issues in the real world in your area of research; nor always about problems, aau masters thesis. It might be a positive aspect such as an opportunity or strength you want to focus based on your research title, aau masters thesis.
As part of the problem statement, you should provide a justification as to why this research has to be done. Failing to answer it clearly and plainly, the research proposal becomes ambiguous to solve it and puts many researchers in a. On the other hand, a well-articulated statement of the problem establishes the foundation to deal with issues that are stake and to be intervened. The aau masters thesis established at this level of proposal paves ways for subsequent activities in the proposal e.
What research methods, approaches and research strategy can help me to come to near or completely to the problem? What data sources and what data instruments should I use? What type of data analysis should I employ?
A problem statement is written in one two paragraphs in a maximum of ½- ¾ pages. It serves as a basis for the development of the theoretical and analytical frameworks and facilitates common language for the further unfolding discussions and arguments. In the literature, concepts may be defined in different ways and you will have to make a choice here. In your study, aau masters thesis, how the concepts defined operationally? How do the different concepts relate among each other?
These and other questions should be answered via your conceptual framework. Theoretical framework, also known as formalization, is the further unfolding of the theoretical ideas, reviewing and summarising of theories to generate variables and their linkages Wong The theoretical framework refers to a summary of the theories that you will refer to in your study.
Following the conceptual framework and the literature review and in line aau masters thesis the research problem, questions and research hypothesis; it is now possible to identify the major variables and their linkages. You need to elaborate the different perspectives. What you summarize as part of the conceptual framework or theoretical framework has to be very relevant to the topic and particularly the research problem and the research questions.
While conducting the literature survey, students often throw in whatever literature that is in one way or another related with the research area but not necessarily with the research problem. c It will not be easy for you to choose the appropriate research design. d Your data collection instruments will be ill-designed. e During analysis, you will not have any theory to compare your results with. f The aau masters thesis of your research to the existing theory will be blurred, aau masters thesis.
The conceptual framework can be shown as a diagrammatic presentation to the logical flow of the ideas and their relationships presented in the thesis with a highlight of the basic concepts. A literature review is not a mere compilation of every written work about a topic. Neither is it a list of sources reviewed without having relevance and coherence.
Rather, a literature review is the description of the literature that is relevant to a particular field or topic of our interest. It gives an overview of what has been revealed thus far, what the prevailing theories and principles hold, who the key proponents are in the area, aau masters thesis, what questions are being asked, and what methodologies are aau masters thesis and useful to be applied.
On the other hand, it should be underscored that literature aau masters thesis is not itself a primary source about study and should not take precedence over our primary source to be explored or illuminated soon. You need to make sure that you seek out reliable sources such as reputable academic journals, books and other scholarly works and look for the most recent information relating to your topic of research.
Though there are varying stylistic approaches to organizing the literature review one uses, aau masters thesis, the major ones can be in the form of three levels: introduction, the main body and conclusion. These three parts may not be implicitly observable. However, it is clearly discernable when a person tends to introduce an idea, gives depth and breadth to the reader, and finally comes to a stage to wind it up.
all show that the narration is coming to near end. In general, literature reviews are organized taking into account: around related research questions, synthesizing results into a summary of what is and what is not known, distinguishing areas of controversy in the literature so that readers can weigh the truth and the level of authenticity, acceptance or opposition, and identifying issues or questions gaps that may need further research.
The objectives of a research delineate the ends or aim which the inquirer seeks to bring about as a result of completing the research undertaken. Objectives should be closely related to the statement of the problem.
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